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Starting out Surveying the field The research proposal Research methodology Research outputs Advising the novice researcher |
Research methodology
Research methodology textbooks and materials Hart, C., Doing a Literature Review. Releasing the Social Science Research Imagination. Reviewed by Lis Lange, Council on Higher Education.
Publisher: Sage Publications.
The Open University. 1999. Chris Hart's book is a well produced, if not all that carefully
copy-edited, manuscript which successfully addresses its target audience:
trainers and teachers of research students and research students
themselves. The book, organised in seven chapters and five appendixes,
makes profuse use of figures and tables to illustrate some of its points
in a more didactic (and graphic) manner. The subtitle of the book, 'Releasing the Social Science Research
Imagination', echoes C. Wright Mills' The Sociological Imagination. The
mimicry is not idle one. If one thing is evident about Hart's book it is
that it is not yet another cookery book with easy-to-follow recipes for
inexperienced researchers in a hurry to get a PhD. The book is didactic
and pitched at the right level for students but it does not oversimplify
the intellectual task. On the contrary, the examples chosen to illustrate
its points are not from the easiest of social sciences writing: Weber,
Marx, Durkheim, Garfinkel and, Geertz, among others, are often quoted in
the text. The book is constructed in a pedagogic way, with a sense of progression
and internal logic that runs from chapter to chapter until the final
conclusion which integrates the whole argument of the book. Chapter one,
'The literature review in research', is focused on the definition of
literature review, the specific skills needed in research and what is
expected today of a postgraduate student; the understanding of literature
review as a form of information management using information technology;
and the concept of scholarship. Chapter two, 'Reviewing and the research
imagination', deals with the purpose of a literature review and what
research imagination is, emphasising issues such as the history of a topic
and the structure of knowledge in a particular field. Chapter three,
'Classifying and reading research', concentrates on developing the
necessary skills to read the research design that underlines scientific
publications. Chapter four, 'Argumentation analysis', is constructed
around the examination of logic and different types of arguments,
situating them in broad epistemological contexts. Chapter five,
'Organizing and expressing ideas', explores rhetoric options to present
information, both from the point of view of the analysis of the literature
and of the construction of the review. Chapter six, 'Mapping and analysing
ideas', is more concerned with the organisation of the review in the
stages prior to the structuring the writing. Finally, chapter seven is
focused on the actual writing of the review. All chapters are written addressing the reader directly. A brief
introduction sets out what will be discussed in each particular chapter.
Examples, situated at the end of each chapter, help the reader to
understand, through a demonstration, what the author means to teach.
Reference to the example is brought into the text whenever it is needed.
At that point the reader is asked to look at examples at the end of the
chapter or a particular section. All examples of texts are presented in
two column tables. The column on the right displays the text under
scrutiny, while the one on the left brings in the author's comments and
guidance to read the text. The five appendixes are devoted to: contextualising the literature
review in the broader structure of the proposal (appendix 1); showing
different systems of citation (appendix 2);proposing a possible structure
and presentation of a dissertation (appendix 3); suggesting ways to keep
records and manage information in the process of doing the review
(appendix 4); and, recommending a list of dos and don'ts of reviewing to
check one's work against (appendix 5). Chris Hart, a sociologist by training, is currently a Reader in
Information Studies at the University of Central England in Birmingham. He
has put 20 years of experience as a lecturer and a researcher in the field
of information management into the explanation and description of the
ideas on which methods and techniques for analysing a literature review
are based. Hart does this with an audience of social sciences postgraduate
students in mind. Thus, there are permanent references to the thesis and
the place the literature review has in it as well as on the writing of a
proposal. Moreover, Hart distinguishes between the characteristics of a
literature review for a master's dissertation and a doctoral thesis. The
book is clearly focused on the social sciences. The examples chosen, as
well as the methodological and epistemological issues brought up in the
different chapters, reinforce the focus of the book. Contrary to some of the local texts on research methodology and
proposal writing, Doing a Literature Review, is a book about the
progression of scholarly work quite capable of exciting students'
imagination in the multiple directions of intellectual enquiry. Finally a
useful list of basic epistemological as well as disciplinary bibliography
supplements a well-thought -through textbook. The book can be recommended for teachers of research methodology as a
useful resource. Supervisors working with students without prior
methodological or epistemological training might find it equally useful.
Postgraduate students can read it and benefit from the book without much
guidance from lecturers, tutors or supervisors. One can only hope that the Open University soon will publish a similar
volume focused on the humanities. |
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