There is limited research which examines how family function and social cohesion are connected, particularly within the South African context. Families play a central role in shaping how individuals think, behave, and relate to others. In South Africa, where communities are influenced by inequality and historical divisions, understanding how family dynamics shape social relationships is important.

A research study funded by the National Research Foundation (NRF) explored how family function contributes to social cohesion, which refers to trust, belonging, and cooperation within communities. The study also examined how family dynamics and lived experiences contribute to community connectedness.

To achieve these objectives, the researchers used a convergent mixed-methods design. Using structured questionnaires, quantitative data were collected from 662 participants, while qualitative data were gathered through interviews with 20 participants. The study was conducted in urban and peri-urban areas of Cape Town and reflected diverse socioeconomic contexts.

The study findings demonstrated the following:

• Family cohesion was positively associated with trust, tolerance, and attachment to neighbourhoods
• Family expressiveness was linked to participation in community activities and respect for others
• Democratic family styles were strongly associated with social integration, trust, and a sense of belonging
• Family conflict and disengagement were linked to weaker relational outcomes, such as reduced tolerance and respect
• Authoritarian parenting was associated with weaker family ties, but also showed links to participation and practical support in communities
• Qualitative findings showed that open communication, shared caregiving, and emotional support within families promote trust and mutual support in communities

These findings show that family functioning and social cohesion are closely connected. Families that promote communication, emotional support, and shared decision-making tend to raise individuals who engage positively with their communities. These family environments contribute to the development of trust, cooperation, and a sense of belonging beyond the household.

The study also highlights that family dynamics do not operate in isolation. Broader social conditions, including inequality and historical factors in South Africa, influence both family function and community relationships. In some contexts, stricter parenting styles may reflect adaptive responses to environmental conditions rather than purely negative behaviour.