How Young Black Fathers in South Africa Redefine Fatherhood Through Family and Culture

Fathers have been traditionally seen as providers, especially in Black South African families affected by colonialism and displacement. This perception has led to the belief that childcare was solely a woman’s role, which has diminished the father’s role. Recently, attitudes toward fatherhood have shifted due to more women entering the workforce and the recognition of fathers in a wider variety of social and cultural ways.

Today, young fathers face unique challenges, including negative portrayals in the media and the difficulty of balancing traditional and modern views of fatherhood. Despite stereotypes, many unmarried, non-resident fathers are actively involved in their children’s upbringing, assisting with homework and providing moral support.

In South Africa, young Black fathers often face unfair stereotypes which portray them as absent or irresponsible. But what if their lived experiences tell a different story? A recent study challenges these assumptions to show that culture, family systems, and the weight of financial expectations deeply shape fatherhood for young Black men.

The study explored how young Black South African fathers (aged 20–29) perceive and understand their role, considering their lived realities, cultural norms, and family structures.

Researchers used interviews and focused on young Black fathers from Durban, all with at least one biological child. They analysed the data using thematic analysis within a family systems theory framework.

The study revealed the following five major themes:

  1. Financial insecurity: Being a “provider” is central to how these fathers define their role, yet unemployment makes this difficult. Some feel shame or withdraw from parenting when they can’t meet financial expectations.
  2. (Un)Expectancy and psychological distress: Most fathers did not plan their parenthood. They felt fear, shame, and loss of their personal dreams, which led to emotional stress.
  3. Shared responsibility: Extended families (especially elders) play a vital role in raising children. Fatherhood is seen as a collective family responsibility rooted in African traditions.
  4. Cultural dynamics: Cultural practices such as inhlawulo (paying damages) and rituals such as isiphandla remain important but can be financially burdensome. Culture helps fathers define their identity but can also create pressure.
  5. Renewed sense of self: Despite challenges, fatherhood brings pride, purpose, and a new maturity. Fathers described it as a turning point that helped them “grow up” and become more responsible.

Fatherhood for young Black South African men is not one-dimensional. It is shaped by financial hardship, cultural expectations, and family interdependence. While money matters, emotional involvement and cultural belonging are equally powerful in shaping modern fatherhood.