Mental health stigma remains a significant global challenge, particularly within communities where an understanding of mental illness is limited. Despite increased awareness of mental health conditions, stigma continues to influence how individuals and families respond to diagnoses such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a neurodevelopmental condition characterised by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. In many communities, a limited understanding of mental illness leads to judgement, misinformation, and negative attitudes. This affects help-seeking behaviour, access to services, and treatment decisions.

A recent research study funded by the NRF explored how stigma affects mothers raising children diagnosed with ADHD. The study aimed to explore the nature of mental health stigma within communities and examine its impact on mothers caring for children diagnosed with ADHD.

To achieve this aim, the researchers used a qualitative descriptive design to capture lived experiences. Ten mothers from various communities in Cape Town were selected using purposive and snowball sampling. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews conducted online and analysed using thematic analysis to identify patterns and themes in participants’ experiences.

The study revealed several key findings:

• Mothers experienced stigma and judgement from both family members and the wider community
• Children with ADHD were often labelled as “naughty” or “lazy”, rather than being understood as having a mental health condition
• Mothers experienced criticism and scrutiny of their parenting, which contributed to emotional strain
• There was strong disapproval of medication use, including fears that children could become dependent on treatment
• As a result, some mothers discontinued or avoided pharmacological treatment for their children
• Children experienced bullying, social rejection, and exclusion, particularly in school and social settings
• Mothers relied on support systems such as partners, siblings, and close family members to cope with challenges

A key finding of the study was the presence of dual stigma—children experienced stigma related to their diagnosis and behaviour, while mothers experienced stigma linked to perceptions of poor parenting. These two forms of stigma were interconnected and reinforced one another.

In conclusion, the findings highlighted the complex relationship between stigma and caregiving. Mothers were responsible for making decisions about their child’s care, but these decisions were often influenced by pressure and judgement from family members, communities, and social networks. In particular, negative attitudes towards medication played a significant role in shaping treatment decisions.

The study also showed that stigma contributed to emotional challenges for mothers, including stress, guilt, and feelings of isolation. At the same time, children with ADHD may experience misunderstanding, labelling, and exclusion, which can affect their social and educational experiences.

Cultural beliefs and community attitudes were found to play an important role in shaping how ADHD is understood. In some cases, behaviours associated with ADHD were interpreted as poor discipline rather than symptoms of a medical condition. This highlights the importance of improving mental health awareness within communities. Creating a more informed and supportive community can help improve both caregiver well-being and outcomes for children with ADHD.